rootで以下のコマンドを実行します。
rpm --import https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc sh -c 'echo -e "[code]\nname=Visual Studio Code\nbaseurl=https://packages.microsoft.com/yumrepos/vscode\nenabled=1\ngpgcheck=1\ngpgkey=https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc" > /etc/yum.repos.d/vscode.repo' yum install -y code
参考
https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/setup/linux#_rhel-fedora-and-centos-based-distributions